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Paul Philippe Cret (October 24, 1876 – September 8, 1945) was a French-born Philadelphia architect and industrial designer. For more than thirty years, he taught a design studio in the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. == Biography == Born in Lyon, France, Cret was educated at that city's École des Beaux-Arts, then in Paris, where he studied at the Atelier of Jean-Louis Pascal. He came to the United States in 1903 to teach at the University of Pennsylvania.〔White, Theo B., editor, John F Harbeson, forward, ''Paul Philippe Cret: Author and Teacher'', The Art Alliance Press, Philadelphia PA 1973 p 21〕 Although settled in America, he happened to be in France at the outbreak of World War I. He enlisted and remained in the French army for the duration, for which he was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made an officer in the Legion of Honor. Cret's practice in America began in 1907. His first major commission, designed with Albert Kelsey, was the Pan American Union Building (the headquarters of what is now the Organization of American States) in Washington DC (1908–10),〔Scott, Pamela and Antoinette J. Lee, ''Buildings of the District of Columbia'', Oxford University Press, New York, 1991 p 208〕 a breakthrough that led to many war memorials, civic buildings, court houses, and other solid, official structures. His work through the 1920s was firmly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, but with the radically simplified classical form of the Folger Shakespeare Library (1929–32), he flexibly adopted and applied monumental classical traditions to modernist innovations. Some of Cret's work is remarkably streamlined and forward-thinking, and includes collaborations with sculptors such as Alfred Bottiau and Leon Hermant. In the late 1920s the architect was brought in as design consultant on Fellheimer and Wagner's Cincinnati Union Terminal (1929–33), the high-water mark of Art Deco style in the United States. He became an American citizen in 1927. In 1931, the regents of The University of Texas at Austin commissioned Cret to design a master plan for the campus, and build the Beaux-Art Main Building (1934–37), the university's signature tower. Cret would go on to collaborate on about twenty buildings on the campus. In 1935, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1938. Cret's contributions to the railroad industry also included the design of the side fluting on the Burlington's ''Pioneer Zephyr'' (debuted in 1934) and the Santa Fe's ''Super Chief'' (1936) passenger cars. Cret won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1938.〔Wilson, Richard Guy, ''The AIA Gold Medal'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1984 p 162〕 Ill health forced his resignation from teaching in 1937. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1940 to 1945.〔Thomas E. Luebke, ed., ''Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, p. 542.''〕 After years of limited activity, Cret died in Philadelphia of heart disease. Cret's work was displayed in the exhibit, ''From the Bastille to Broad Street: The Influence of France on Philadelphia Architecture'', at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia in 2011. An exhibit of his train designs, ''All Aboard! Paul P. Cret's Train Designs'', was at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia from July 5, 2012 to August 24, 2012. With a collection of 17,000 drawings and more than 3,000 photographs, The Athenaeum of Philadelphia has the largest archive of Paul P. Cret materials. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Philippe Cret」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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